Profesi adalah suatu lapangan kerja yang memerlukan pendidikan khusus, yang berakhir dengan suatu gelar dari lembaga pendidikan tinggi serta mengakui adanya kewajiban terhadap masyarakat dan memiliki kode etik yang mengikat setiap orang yang menyandang profesi tersebut.

Sumber yang lain mengatakan bahwa profesi adalah kelompok lapangan kerja khusus, dalam melaksanakan kegiatan memerlukan ketrampilan dan keahlian tinggi, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumit manusia, menggunakan keahliannya secara benar, penguasaan pengetahuan yang luas tentang sifat manusia, kondisi masyarakat, serta memiliki disiplin etika pada profesi tersebut.

Pekrjaan di bidang TI sebagai Profesi

Untuk menyatakan apakah suatu pekerjaan termasuk profesi atau bukan, kriteria pekerjaan itu harus diuji.
Sebagai contoh, pekerjaan sebagai staf operator komputer (sekedar mengoperasikan), tidak masuk dalam golongan profesi jika untuk bekerja sebagai staf operator tersebut tidak membutuhkan latar belakang pendidikan tertentu. Adapun seorang Software Engineer dapat dikatakan sebagai sebuah profesi karena seseorang yang bekerja sebagai software engineer haruslah berpengetahuan dan memiliki pengalaman kerja di bidangnya. Aagar dapat melaksanakan tugas dan kewajibannya secara baik dan benar, serang software engineer perlu terus mengembangkan bidang ilmu dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak, seperti: Bidang ilmu metodologi pengembangan perangkat lunak, manajemen sumber daya, mengelola kelompok kerja dan komunikasi.

Ciri-ciri seseorang yang professional adalah:

1. Memiliki pengetahuan yang tinggi di bidang profesinya.
2. Memiliki profesi yang tinggi dibidang profesinya.
3. Memiliki pengetahuan yang luas tentang manusia dan masyarakat, budaya, seni, sejarah dan komunikasi.
4. Tanggap terhadap masalah client, faham terhadap isyu-isyu etis serta tata nilai klient-nya.
5. Mampu melakukan pendekatan multidispliner.
6. Mampu bekerja sama.
7. Bekerja dibawah disiplin etika.
8. Mampu mengambil keputusan didasarkan pada kode etik, bila dihadapkan pada situasi dimana pengambilan keputusan berakibat luas terhadap masyarakat.

Berbagai macam posisi pekerjaan di bidang TI

• System Analyst: Seorang yang bertanggung jawab atas penelitian, perencanaan, pengkoordinasian, dan merekomendasikan pemilihan perangkat lunak dan system yang paling sesuai dengan kebutuhan organisasi bisnis atau perusahaan.
• Analyst Programer: Merancang, membuat ‘code’ (program) dan menguji program untuk mendukung perencanaan pengembangan aplikasi system.
• Web Designer: Mengembangkan rancangan inovatif aplikasi web-based serta isi dari aplikasi tersebut.
• System Programmer/Software Engineer: Terbiasa dengan pengembangan software ‘lifecycles’, memiliki keterampilan dalam mendesain aplikasi, menyiapkan program menurut spesifikasi, dokumentasi/‘coding’ dan pengujian.
• IT Executive: Memelihara kecukupan, standard dan kesiapan systems/infrastruktur untuk memastikan pengoperasiannya dapat efektif dan efisien. Menerapkan prosedur IT dan proses untuk memastikan data terproteksi secara maksimum.
• IT Administrator: Menyediakan implementasi dan administrasi yang meliputi Local Area Network(LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) dan koneksi dial-up, firewall, proxy serta pendukung teknisnya.
• Network Administrator: Mengurusi dan mengoperasikan jaringan LAN maupun WAN, manajemen system serta dukungan terhadap perangkat kerasnya.
• Database Administrator: Bertanggunga jawab untuk administrasi dan pemeliharaan teknis yang menyangkut perusahaan dalam pembagian system database.
• System Engineer: Menyediakan rancangan system dan konsultasi terhadap pelanggan, memberikan respon terhadap permintaan technical queries serta dukungannya, termasuk melakukan pelatihan teknis ke pelanggan dan IT Administrator.
• Network Support Engineer: Melaksanakan komunikasi dan analisa system networking, mendisain perencanaan untuk integrasi, mendukung jaringan pada internet, intranet dan ekstranet. Menganalisa dan ikut ambil bagian dalam pengembangan standarisasi keamanan dan implementasi mengendalikan untuk keamanan LAN dan WAN.
• Helpdesk Analyst: Me-‘remote’ permasalahan troubleshoot melalui email/telephone dengan cara mengambil alih kendali para pemakai via LAN/WAN koneksi. Perencanaan, mengkoordinir dan mendukung proses bisnis, system dan end-user dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang mereka hadapi.
• ERP Consultant: Meberikan nasehat teknis ataupun fungsional pada implementasi solusi ERP. Harus mempunyai beberapa pengetahuan tertentu dalam rangka memetakan proses.
• Account Manager: Bertanggung jawab untuk kemajuan penjualan suatu solusi dan/atau produk serta target pendapatan.
• Business Development Manager: Secara umum mengetahui kebutuhan akan pelanggan. Memiliki ketajaman yang diperlukan dalam menopang dan menguntungkan bisnis. Mempunyai kemampuan luas yang mampu menyerap dan berkomunikasi jelas tentang bisinis kompleks serta konsep teknologi.
• IT Manager: Mengatur kelancaran dari system IT. Troubleshooting dan membantu organisasi dalam menangani permasalahan IT. Sesuai dengan pengembangan IT yang baru dalam bidang yang diperlukan.
• Project Manager: Perencanaan, member arahan dan melaksanakan aktivitasmanajemen proyek untuk suatu divisi/area. Monitor progress terhadap jadwal dan anggaran proyek. Bias juga mengalokasikan atau membantu mengalokasi sumber daya sesuai dengan hasil proyek yang harus diselesaikan.

Pekerjaan di bidang TI dalam standar Pemerintah

Mengingat pentingnya teknologi informasi bagi pembangunan bangsa maka pemearintah pun merasa perlu membuat standarisasi pekerjaan dibidang teknologi informasi bagi pegawainya. Institusi pemerintah telah mulai melakukan klasifikasi pekerjaan dalam bidang teknologi informasi sejak tahun 1992. Klasifikasi pekerjaan ini mungkin masih belum dapat mengakomodasi klasifikasi pekerjaan pada teknologi informasi secara umum. Terlebih kagi, deskripsi pekerjaan masih kurang jelas dalam membedakan setiap sel pekerjaan.
Pegawai Negri Sipil yang bekerja dibidang teknologi informasi, disebut pranata computer. Beberapa penjelasan tentang pranata computer sebagai berikut :

Pengangkatan Pegawai Negri Sipil dalam jabatan Pranata Komputer ditetapkan oleh Mentri, Jaksa Agung, Pimpinan Kesekretariatan Lembaga Tertinggi/Tinngi Negara. Pimpinan Lembaga Pemerintah Nondepartemen dan Gubernur Kepala Daerah Tingkat 1.

Syarat-Syarat Jabatan Pranata Komputer

• Bekerja pada satuan organisasi instansi pemerintah dan bertugas pokokmembuat, memelihara dan mengembangkan dan mengambangkan system dan atau program pengolahan dengan computer.
• Berijazah serendah-rendahnya SarjanaMuda / D3 atau yang sederajat.
• Memiliki pendidikan dan atau latihan dalambidang computer dan pengalamanmelakukan kegiatan di bidang computer.
• Memiliki pengetahuan dan atau pengalaman dalam bidang tertentu yang berhubungan dengan bidang computer.
• Setiap unsur penilaian pelaksanaan pekerjaan sekurangkurangnya bernilai baik

Jenjang dan Pangkat Pranata Komputer:

Untuk tetep berada pada jalur profesionalitasny, pemerintah juga menetapkan bahwa Pranata Komputer harus dapat mengumpulkan angka kredit minimal. Angka kredit minimal yang harus dikumpulkan adalah :

• Asisten Pranata Komputer Madya sebanyak 20 angka kredit
• Asisten Pranata Komputer sebanyak 20 angka kredit
• Ajun Pranata Komputer Muda Sebanyak 20 angka kredit
• Ajun Pranata Komputer Madya sebanyak 50 angka kredit
• Ajun Pranata Komputer sebanyak 50 angka kredit
• Ahli Pranata Komputer Pratama sebanyak 100 angka kredit

Referensi: http://dosen.stiki.ac.id/arifin/Etika_komputer.html

Tahukah anda bahwa masih ada yang lebih tajam dari pedang itu???…

dikisahkan sebuah cerita:
Pada jaman dahulu kala diceritakan bahwa ada seorang penebang pohon yang bersahabat karib dengan seekor singa.Setiap siang hari, Si penebang pohon makan siang dan duduk-duduk di pinggir hutan di tepi sebuah selokan.Saat itulah, seekor singa yang menjadi temannya keluar dari hutan dan berbaring disampingnya untuk berbincang dari hati ke hati.  Cie…ile… Suatu ketika, si penebang pohon berkata kepada singa itu, ” Sahabatku tolong kamu agak menjauh. Mulutmu bau sekali sampai aku mau muntah & tidak bisa menelan makanan ini”. Sang raja hutan sangat marah, bangkit & dengan ganas menyerang penebang pohon yang kurang ajar itu.Sehingga ia hampir mati. Tapi anehnya, Si penebang pohon dengan luka-luka disekujur tubuhnya itu masih bisa pulang ke kampung halamannya. Sekian bulan berikutnya, Si penebang pohon sembuh, dan kembali bekerja menebang pohon di hutan seperti biasanya. Ketika waktu makan siang tiba, dia pergi ke tempat yang biasanya. Tak lama kemudian, sang singa berjalan gontai keluar dari hutan. Si penebang pohon berkata, ” Aku senang sekali bisa bertemu lagi denganmu. Aku merindukanmu, selama berbulan-bulan, selama aku tak bekerja. Lihatlah, tak ada luka ditubuhku, seluruh lukaku sudah sembuh”. Sang singa menimpali dengan perasaan sedih, ” Tapi luka yang ku derita akibat lidahmu yang tajam masih mengucurkan darah. Kata – kata kasarmu masih terasa menyakitkan”.

Sekarang anda pasti sudah tahu. “Lidah itu lebih tajam dari pedang, bahkan pedang tertajam di dunia sekalipun karena lidah dapat melukai hati tanpa menyentuhnya…”

Jadi, kita harus menjaga lisan agar selalu mengucapkan perkataan yang baik.
Dalam masalah menjaga lisan ini, Al-Bukhari meriwayatkan sebuah hadits dalam kitab Shahihnya no. 6477 dan Muslim dalam kitab Shahihnya no. 2988 [3] dari Abu Hurairah bahwa Rasulullah bersabda: “Sesungguhnya seorang hamba yang mengucapkan suatu perkataan yang tidak dipikirkan apa dampak-dampaknya akan membuatnya terjerumus ke dalam neraka yang dalamnya lebih jauh dari jarak timur dengan barat”
Masalah ini disebutkan pula di akhir hadits yang berisi wasiat Nabi kepada Muadz yang diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi no. 2616 yang sekaligus dia komentari sebagai hadits yang hasan shahih. Dalam hadits tersebut Rasulullah bersabda: “Bukankah tidak ada yang menjerumuskan orang ke dalam neraka selain buah lisannya ?”
Perkataan Nabi di atas adalah sebagai jawaban atas pertanyaan Mu’adz: Wahai Nabi Allah, apakah kita kelak akan dihisab atas apa yang kita katakan ?”
Al-Hafidz Ibnu Rajab mengomentari hadits ini dalam kitab Jami’ Al-Ulum wa Al-Hikam (II/147), “Yang dimaksud dengan buah lisannya adalah balasan dan siksaan dari perkataan-perkataannya yang haram. Sesungguhnya setiap orang yang hidup di dunia sedang menanam kebaikan atau keburukan dengan perkataan dan amal perbuatannya. Kemudian pada hari kiamat kelak dia akan menuai apa yang dia tanam. Barangsiapa yang menanam sesuatu yang baik dari ucapannya maupun perbuatan, maka dia akan menunai kemuliaan. Sebaliknya, barangsiapa yang menanam Sesuatu yang jelek dari ucapan maupun perbuatan maka kelak akan menuai penyesalan”.

Referensi:

http://umum.kompasiana.com/2009/10/08/sesuatu-yang-lebih-tajam-dari-pada-pedang-bahkan-sinar-laser-sekalipun%E2%80%A6/

http://www.indoforum.org/archive/index.php/t-69889.html

( taken from MAKET LEADER)

UNIT 1

BRANDS

A. List some of your favourite brands. Then answer these questions.

1. Are they International or national brands?
2. What image and qualities does each one have? Use the following words and phrases to help you.



3. Why do people buy brands?
4. Why do you think some people dislikes brands?
5. How loyal are you to the brands you have chosen?

For example, when you buy jean, do you always buy Levi’s

B. A recent survey named the brands below as the world’s top ten. Which do you think is number one? Rank the others in order.

Vocabulary

Brand Management

A. Match these word partnerships to their meanings.

B.  Complete these sentences with word partnerships from exercise A

BRAND

1. the creation of Virgin Cola, Virgin Air, Virgin Rail and Virgin bride is an example of …brand streching……….
2. Consumers who always buy Levi’s when they need a new pair of jeans are showing …………
3. not enough people recognize our logo; we need to spent a lot more on raising …………….

PRODUCT

1. David Beckham advertising Vodafone is an example of …product endorsement……
2. A …………….. consists of introduction, growth , maturity and decline.
3. the use of BMW cars and Nokia phones in James Bond films are examples of………….

C.   Make sentences of your own using the word partnerships in Exercise A.

Reading

Outsourcing Production

A.   Why do some companies make luxury products abroad rather than at home?

B.   Read the article and answer these questions.

1. Which brands are mentioned? Do you know which country each is from?
2. Which companies make all of their products in their own country?

Made in Europe

By Jo Johnson, Fred Kapner and Richard McGregor

Almost every fashion label outside the top super-luxury brands is either already      manufacturing in Asia or thinking of it. Coach, the US leather goods maker, is a classis example. Over the past five years, it has lifted all its gross margins by manufacturing solely in low-cost markets. In March 2002 it closed its factory in Lares, Puerto Rico, its last company-owned plant, and outsources all its products.

Burberry has many Asian licensing arrangements. In 2000 it decided to renew Sanyo’s Japanese licence for 20 ten years. This means that almost half of Burberry’s sales at retail value will continue to be produced under licence in Asia. At the same time however, Japanese consumers prefer the group’s European-made products.

Sanyo is now creating to this demand for a snob alternative to the Burberry products made in its factories across Asia by opening a flagship store in Tokyo’s Ginza, where it sells Burberry products imported from Europe.

In interviews with the FT, many executives says the top luxury brands will continue to be seen, particularly in Asia, as European. Domenico De Sole of Gucci says “ The Asian Consumer really dos believe – whether it’s true or not – that luxury comes from Europe and must be made there to be the best.’

Serge Weinberg, Chief Executive of Pinault Printemps Redoute, which controls Gucci, says it will not move Gucci’s production of shore. Yet some in the industry recognize that change may be round the corner even for the superluxury brands. Patrizio Bertelli, Chief Executive of Prada, says:’ The “Made in Italy” label is important but what we are really offering is a style, and style is an expression of culture.’ He therefore recognizes that quality fashion items may not always need to be produced in italy.

Amitava Chattopadhyay, professor of marketing at  Insead, the business school, says:’ A brand is a set of associations in the mind of the consumer and one of these is the country of origin. . For luxury goods, the role of the brand is crucial. To damage it is a cardinal sin and no brand manager will want to get the balance between manufacturing location and the brand image wrong’.

From the Financial Times

FINANCIAL TIMES

World Business Newspaper

C Which of these statements are true? Correct the false ones.

1. Coach has no longer factory in Puerto Rico.
2. Coach, like many other companies, is outsourcing its product to reduce costs.
3. Some Japanese people choose to buy Burberry products made in Europe rather than in Japan.
4. Sanyo’s store in Tokyo sells Burberry’s product made in Asia.
5. According to Domenico De Solle, the best luxury products are made in Japan.
6. Gucci is planning to outsource some of its products.
7. Partizio Bertelli believes that luxury fashion products should always be made in Europe
8. Amitava chattopadhyay says that companies need to pay careful attention to where they manufacture their products.

C.   Choose the best summary of the article.

1. Most manufacturers of luxury brands do not wish to produce their goods in low-cost countries because their believe that it will damage their brand image.
2. Most manufacturers of top brands now produce their goods in low cost countries. Consumers no longer care about where the products are manufactured.
3. Asian consumers think that European luxury goods are of high quality. The current trend of making such goods in Asia could damage the reputation of these luxury brands.

Language Review

Present simple and present continuous.

The Present simple and Present continuous have several uses.

• We use the present simple to give factual information, for example about company activities.

Coach outsources all its products.

Does Burberry outsource its products?

• We use the present simple to talk about routine activities or habits.

I always buy Armani suits. Do you usually buy designer brands?

• We use the present continuous to talk about ongoing situations and projects.

Sanyo is now reacting to this demand.

• We use present contiuous to talk about temporary situations.

We are testing a new brand at the moment.

A.   Which of the time expressions below do we usually use with the present simple?  Which of the time expressions do we usually use with the present continuous?  Which are used with both?

Usually                  this year                       every day                    now

Often                    nowadays                     once a month

Currently               at the moment             these days

B.   Complete these sentences with the present simple or the present continuous forms of the verbs in brackets.

1.a. This year we ………….. (try) to develop a brand with personality.

b. We usually …………… (develop) brands that say something.

2. a. Powerful brand names ……………… (create) strong costumer loyalty.

b. At the moment we ……………… (look) for a new brand name that suggests something about the product’s benefits and qualities.

3. a. L’Oreal …………… (sell) cosmetics and toiletries to customers around the world.

b. This year L’Oreal ………………(invest) over 180£m in R & D.

4. a.  The marketing department always ……………….. (keep) within its budget.

b. Because the company made a loss last year, the marketing department …………..(try to reduce costs.

C.   Complete the text below with the present simple or present continuous forms of the verbs in brackets.

At the moment I ……………… (work) for a cosmetics company. We offer a full range of cosmetic products and ……………….. (sell) cosmetics and toiletries around the world. Our main cosmetics brand ………….. (dominate) the French market and it …………… (do) well in the rest of Europe at the moment, too. In fact, the brand……………. (become) more and more popular throughout the world and our market share …………… (grow) everyday.

We usually …………………… (develop) and ……………. (extend) productsunder our existing brand name. The brand is distinctive and ………………..(stand) out from the competition. However, this year we ……………. (create) a completely new brand of cosmetics.

Discussion

Two Promotions

A.Work in pairs. Student A reads case 1 and answers the questions. Student B read Case 2 and answer the questions.

Case 1 : Harley Davidson.

In 2003 the Harley Davidson brand was 100 years old. Although its brand image is based on the spirit of wild and rebellious youth such as Marlon Brando in the film The Wild One (1954), the typical consumer is very different. They are likely to be rich, middle-aged accountants trying to recapture their youth. The average age of Harley Davidson customers is 46 compared with 36 for the rest of the motorbike industry. At the party to celebrate the centenary, the surprise performance was actually Elton John, rather than the Rolling Stones who many people had expected. This caused many of the 150,000 riders and dealers to leave the event very unhappy. Although sales and earnings for Harley Davidson have been increasing for the past 18 years, many people see the trouble on the road ahead. The problem is Harley Davidson’s typical customers from the baby –boom generation (1946 – 1964) and, as these customers get older, Harley Davidson may find its market shrinking.

1. What is the brand image of Harley Davidson?
2. Why were many people unhappy about the music at the party?
3. What problem could have Harley Davidson have in the future?
4. What can Harley Davidson fo to preserve it sales? Should it change its brand image? Should it look for a new market segments? Should it stretch its brand?

Case 2 : JCB

JCB is a world-famous engineering company. It was founded  in 1945 by Joseph Cyril Bamford. He began his business working alone in a small garage. JCB makes construction and agricultural equipment such as tractors, earth-moving vehicles, and loading machines. Now its world  headquarters in England is one of the finest engineering factories in Europe. The company produces over 130 different models on four different continents and sells a full range of equipment in over 150 countries. It is truly a global brand.

JCB’s research  showed that its customers  associated with the company with the following brand values :’yellow,’digger’, and ‘durable’. Adult saw the brand and being functional. Children, on the other hand, saw the brand as ‘big’, ‘muddy’ and ‘fun’. JCB made a decision to stretch its brand.

1. Where does the name JCB come from?
2. What was surprising about JCB’s customer research?
3. What sort of products do you think JCB developed as a result of its research?
4. Can you think of a similar example of brand-stretching in your country?

Useful Language

Asking for opinions                           Agreeing                                 Making suggestions

How do you feel about…..?               That’s true                               I think we should….

What do you think?                            I agree                                     How about… ?

What’s your opinion?                          Absolutely / exactly                Why don’t we … ?

What’s your view?                              I think so too.                          Perhaps we could….

Giving opinions                                  Disagreeing

I think……./ I don’t think ………          I see / know what you mean, but….

In my opinion…….                             I’m afraid I can’t agree

Maybe, but…

UNIT 2
TRAVEL

A. Answer these questions individually. Then compare your answers with a partner.

1. How often do you travel by air, road and sea?
2. What do you enjoy about traveling? What don’t you enjoy?
3. Put the following in order of importance to you when you travel?



4. Does the order change for different types of travel?

B. Choose the correct word from the box to complete the following list of things which irritate people when flying.

Seats          trolleys                                    queues             luggage

Room         cancellations                         food                 jet

1. Not enough leg ………..
2. lost or delayed ……..
3. long ………….. at check in
4. poor quality …………… and drink
5. no baggage ……….. available.
6. overbooking of …………
7. flight delays and …………
8. ……………..-lag

Vocabulary

British and American English

A. Match the words and phrases below which have the same meaning. For each pair decide which is British English and which is American English.

1. subway                                                a. motorway
2. city centre                                           b. lift
3. carry-on baggage                                 c. public toilet
4. one way                                               d. schedule
5. return                                                   e. economy class.
6. freeway                                               f. single
7. rest room                                             g. parking lot
8. elevator                                               h. underground
9. coach class                                          i. hand luggage
10. timetable                                             j. round trip
11. car park                                               k. downtown.

B.Work in pairs. Use words or phrases in American English from exercise A to complete the text below.

My last overseas business trip was a nightmare from start to finish. First of all there was a delay on the way to the airport as there was an accident on the …………. When I got there I found the lower level of the airport …………….. was flooded. Next my ……….. was closed and there were no cabs at all. After long time trying to read the ………and waiting for forty minutes, we finally got a bus ………….. and found the hotel, but the ………………… wasn’t working and our rooms were on the fifth floor.

Reading

Air Rage

A. Answer these questions before you read the article.

1, What was your worst experience when traveling by air?

2. Why do some people get angry when they are traveling on a plane?

Road ragers in the sky

By Derek Brown

Airlines and their long-suffering customers are reporting a steep climb in air rage incidents. Some incidents are apparently caused by problems which are familiar to many regular travellers. One case reported from America stemmed from an interminable delay in takeoff, when passangers were cooped up in their aircraft on the tarmac or our hours, without food, drink or information. Mass unrest is less common the individual misbehaviour, as in the case of the convict who recently went crazy on a flight, attacked the crew and tried to open the door in mind flight.

The psychology of air rage is a new are o study, and there are almost as many explanations as examples. Most analysis of the phenomenon blame alcohol, but many people now think that the airlines are at fault. To cut costs, they are cramming ever more passangers into their aircraft, while reducing cabin crew, training, and quality of service, all o which increase passenger frustration. In addition, there are increasing concern in the US about another cost-cutting exercise, which could seriously harm passengers’ health: cabin ventilation.

Modern aircraft are equipped with sophisticated air conditioning devices – but running them at.optimum capacity burns up valuable aviation fuel. Many airlines routinely instruct their flight crews to run the systems on minimum settings. Champaignes for improved air quality claim that this can lead to irritability and disorientation.

In the US, the soaring number of passenger complaints across a wide range of issues is reflected in a number of new internet sites which criticize the airline and demand better service. One of the sites is demanding an air passengers’ Bill of Rights.

Cabin and flight crews, who are in the front line of the battle against disruptive and dangerous in-flight behaviour, have called for stiffer penalties against the offenders. Management have also called or legislation – while denying that its cost-cutting practices have contributed to the problem. But there are some signs, in the US at least, that the airlines are at last attempting to respond to customer dissatisfaction. Some major lines have announced concessions to the most frequent complaint for all, and are removing seats to make more room for their customers.

Exercise:

A.COMPLETE EACH DIALOGUE WITH THE CORRECT FROM OF GOING TO

OR WILL

1   A.I’m really sorry,I can’t take you to the station .Something has just come up

B.Oh,don’t worry,I………(take) a taxi

2.  A.We’ve chosen a name four new low-cost airline

B.Really,What……………(you/call) it?

3.  A.Have you decided how to increase the number of passengers?

B.Yes,we…………(offer) a family discount at weekends.

4.   A.I can’t send an e-mail to the travel agent;my computer’s just crashe

B.Write down your details and I………(fax) them over for you.

5  A.How’s  your daughter?

B.She’s fine.She…………(learn) to be a pilot for the flying doctor service next

Year!

B.USE THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS OR THE PRESENT SIMPLE TO COMPLETE

THE SENTENCES BELOW

1.His flight arrives / is arriving at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.

2.We’re staying / stay at the Hilton Hotel for next month’s sales conference.

3.The next seminar is beginning / begins at 3 p.m

4.I travel / am travelling by train from Paris to London next time.

5.The boat is departing / departs at midday so you have the whole morning to get ready.

6.The delegation from China are seeing / see the Chairman the following Monday

C.WORK IN PAIRS.TAKE TURNS TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BELOW.USE

GOING TO,WILL,THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS OR THE PRESENT SIMPLE.

1.I’m sorry,I can’t attend the sales meeting tomorrow………………

2.The marketing department have decided on their travel plans for the next month…….

3The trains are delayed because of bad weather,so…………….

4.Don’t worry if you can’t drive me to airport,………………..

5.I’ve got the details of  your flight to Turkey……………….

6.Oh,no!There’s been an accident and the traffic is very

CLAIMS DIVISION, LAW DEPARTMENT
City of Austin
P.O. Box 96
Austin, Texas 78767-0096

February 14, 19XX

Lindsay Office Products
P.O. Box 1879
Spokane, Washington 98989

Dear Sir/Madam,

Subject: Furniture and equipment order

Please ship the following items from your sales catalog dated September 31, 2009:

The costs above reflect a discount of 50/10, with net due in 30 days after the invoice date. The merchandised is to be shipped by your company’s own truck line at a rate of 7 percent of the total net cost.

We are remodeling our offices and have a target completion date of March 30, 19XX. If there is any reason you see that you can keep your part of this schedule, please let me know immediately.

Sincerely,

Berenice Chamala
Supervisor, Clerical Services

Sample Invoice:

CV. FastFarward Indonesia
Jl. A. Yani C2/3 Bekasi

14 October 2009

No: II/14/10-09

Mr. Adam, Marketing Manager
JakartaNotebook.corp
CITYLOFT Sudirman (Floor 7^th Unit 727)
Jl. KH Mas Mansyur 121
Jakarta Pusat – 10220

Dear sir,

We is a company in the field of service wich requiring some peripheral of  IT to increase our service to customers.

After we see your product in your site, we interest with produck which you offer. We should be glad if you could send the lastest catalogue and price list of all your product as our consideration.

We hope you earn to reciprocate request of us.

Your sincerely

Tarnoto

Letter Head

20 October 2009

Jane Smith, Executive Director
Xavier Foundation
555 S. Smith St.
Washington, D.C. 22222

Dear Ms. Smith,

When we attended the International Electronics Trade Fair in London last month, we visited your stand and saw a very interesting demonstration of your automatic high-security garage doors. The ability to drive straight in and out of your garage from the comfort of your car, as well as your emphasis on theft protection appealed to us. We believe that there is a ready market for this in the United States.

Our company is a wholly owned subsidiary of the international Zetax Corporation, well-known in the security and theft prevention industry.

Would you please send us your current sales literature and price list? Of course, we will be glad to provide the usual credit and trade reverences if we decide to order from your company.

Sincerely

Marketing Director

Artinya:

Letter Head

20 October 2009

Jane Smith, Executive Director
Xavier Foundation
555 S. Smith St.
Washington, D.C. 22222

Yth. Ms. Smith,

Ketika kami menghadiri International Electronics Trade Fair di London pada bulan yang lalu, kami mengunjungi stand anda dan kami sangat tertarik dengan demonstrasi anda tentang automatic high-security garage doors. Kemampuannya mengendalikan langsung pintu garasi anda untuk kenyamanan keluar masuk mobil anda, seperti halnya penekanan anda pada perlindungan pencurian yang tertarik kepada kami. Kami percaya bahwa suatu pasar siap untuk ini di United States.

Perusahaan kami secara keseluruhan memiliki cabang internasional Zetax Corporation, terkenal dalam keamanan dan industri pencegahan pencurian.

Akankah anda mengirimkan kami daftar harga dan literatur biaya ini? Tentu saja, kami sangat senang untuk menyediakan kredit yang umum dan suatu penghormatan pada pelanggan jika kami memutuskan untuk memesan dari perusahaan anda.

Hormat kami

Direktur Pemasaran

Ku tertunduk malu mendengarnya
Mungkin tiada salah bila ini
Ku tanya mengapa??…

Engaku yang membisu dalam kesunyian
Pelan-pelan datang membawa nyanyian
Engaku genggam tanganku
Menoreh indah dihatiku

Seluruh nafasku berpacu menggebu
Mengingat hal yang tidak dapat terisyaratkan

Bibir terpaku diam terkatuk
Tiada ku sadari bahwa aku telah mengakuinya

Engkaulah sanubari diatas mahligai mimpi…

IF Clause Type 1

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don’t use a comma.

Example: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present and will-Future on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
Use Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don’t know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will find it.

Example: If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.

I know John very well and I know that he earns a lot of money and that he loves Ferraris. So I think it is very likely that sooner or later he will have the money to buy a Ferrari.

IF Clause Type 2

Form: if + Simple Past, main clause with Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don’t use a comma.

Example: I would send her an invitation if I found her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Past und Conditional I on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.

Were instead of Was

In IF Clauses Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.

Example: If I were you, I would not do this.

Use Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I don’t really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

I would like to send an invitation to a friend. I have looked everywhere for her address, but I cannot find it. So now I think it is rather unlikely that I will eventually find her address.

Example: If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.

I know John very well and I know that he doesn’t have much money, but he loves Ferraris. He would like to own a Ferrari (in his dreams). But I think it is very unlikely that he will have the money to buy one in the near future.

IF Clause Type 3

Form: if + Past Perfect, main clause with Conditional II (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don’t use a comma.

Example: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Past Perfect and Conditional II on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.

Use Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Sometime in the past, I wanted to send an invitation to a friend. I didn’t find her address, however. So in the end I didn’t send her an invitation.

Example: If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.

I knew John very well and I know that he never had much money, but he loved Ferraris. He would have loved to own a Ferrari, but he never had the money to buy one.

Exceptions for Conditional Sentences

So far we have only learned the basic rules for Conditional Sentences. It depends on the context, however, which tense to use. So sometimes it’s possible for example that in an IF Clause Type I another tense than Simple Present is used, e.g. Present Progressive or Present Perfect.

Conditional Sentences Type I (likely)

Conditional Sentences Type II (unlikely)

Conditional Sentences Type III (impossible)

Reference: http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences

Exercises:

1. If he had dropped the vase, it would have broken.
   a. Type I          b. Type II          c. Type III
2. If you have to do the washing up, I will help you.
   a. Type I          b. Type II          c. Type III
3. If I had a hammer, I’d hammer in the morning … (song)
   a. Type I          b. Type II          c. Type III
4. I wouldn’t run away if I saw a spider.
   a. Type I          b. Type II          c. Type III
5. We’d have given you a lift if you hadn’t had your bike with you.
   a. Type I          b. Type II          c. Type III
6. If you had listened to me, the accident wouldn’t have happened.
   a. Type I          b. Type II          c. Type III
7. If we don’t get tickets for the concert, we’ll stay at home.
   a. Type I          b. Type II          c. Type III
8. They’d go by bus if they didn’t have a car.
   a. Type I          b. Type II          c. Type III
9. She’ll hear us if you don’t stop laughing.
   a. Type I          b. Type II          c. Type III
10. He wouldn’t have taken the bread if he hadn’t been hungry.
    a. Type I          b. Type II          c. Type III

Answere:

1. c        2. a        3. b        4. b        5. c        6. c         7. a         8. b         9. a         10. c

Other Exercises

Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, maka dirancanglah sebuah alat dengan sensor air yang dirancang khusus sebagai pemberi inputan dan mikrokontroler sebagai unit pengendali serta dengan tampilan LCD karakter sehingga dapat dilakukan monitoring ketinggian air melalui tampilan LCD karakter, pompa air akan lebih efektif karena hanya akan aktif jika ketinggian air sudah mencapai batas minimal dan akan tidak aktif setelah air sudah mencapai ktinggian maksimal dan air juga tidak terbuang percuma.

Alat ini menggunakan mikrokontroler AT89S52 sebagai pusat pemrosesan dan sebuah LCD karakter untuk tampilan output. Alat ini digunakan dalam tempat penampungan air untuk manyalakan dan menghidupkan pompa air serta menampilkan ketinggian air yang ada dalam tempat tersebut. Apabila tempat penampungan air kosong maka secara otomatis pompa air akan aktif dan mengisi tempat penampungan air sampai penuh, setelah penuh maka pompa air akan dinon-aktifkan dan akan aktif kembali setelah tempat penampungan air kosong/tingkat ketinggian air sudah mencapai minimal. Alat ini menggunakan sebuah sensor air yang terbuat dari plat tembaga dengan 8 titik sensor untuk memberikan inputan pada mikrokontroler. Selanjutnya mikrokontoler akan memproses dan menghasilkan output yang dihubungkan ke relay untuk mengaktifkan dan menonaktifkan pompa air dan LCD karakter yang akan menampilkan ketinggian air dalam tempat penampung air  dan juga dihubungkan dengan 8 buah LED yang digunakan untuk indikator sensor yang aktif.

Berikut ini adalah gambar blok dari alat tersebut:

Dalam tulisan ini, penulis akan membahas tentang sistem kontrol tempat penampung air yang menggunakan sensor air dengan 8 sensor agar dapat menunjukkan sampai 8 level ketinggian air. Jarak antara sensor 1 dan sensor 2 serta sensor 2 dan sensor 3 dan seterusnya dibuat 20 cm, jadi sensor ini dapat menunjukkan level ketinggian air sampai 160 cm. maka alat ini hanya bisa digunakan untuk tempat penampung air dengan ketinggian 160 cm. Mikrokontroler yang digunakan adalah AT89S52 dan sebagai tampilan untuk menunjukan ketinggian air menggunakan LCD Karakter 16×2. Alat ini hanya digunakan untuk menampilkan level ketinggian air dan mengaktifkan pompa air dari level ketinggian minimal sampai maksimal.